«Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch» (Zum ewigen Frieden. Ein philosophischer Entwurf) is a 1795 essay by Immanuel Kant. In this essay, Kant proposed a peace program to be implemented by governments.
Kant’s essay in some ways resembles modern democratic peace theory. He speaks of republican, Republikanisch, (not democratic), states, which he defines to have representative governments, in which the legislature is separated from the executive. He does not discuss universal suffrage, which is vital to modern democracy and quite important to some modern theorists; later commentators[who?] dispute whether it is implied by his language, although many Enlightenment thinkers advocated a more aristocratic republicanism by men of letters. The essay does not treat republican governments as sufficient by themselves to produce peace: freedom of emigration (hospitality) and a league of nations are necessary to consciously enact his six-point program.
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